Lesson 5: Comparing Worldviews

Introduction

In previous lessons, you learned that a worldview is the lens through which individuals and societies interpret reality. These views are shaped by various factors, such as culture, religion, geography, and historical events. Just as sunglasses change how you perceive light, a worldview influences how you understand your place in the world and relate to others.

In this lesson, you will explore the idea of comparing worldviews. By doing so, you will gain insights into why different societies develop distinct perspectives and how these worldviews can either clash or align. Comparing worldviews is not about determining which is better or worse; it’s about understanding how diverse perspectives arise from unique cultural and environmental conditions.

This comparison can help us build empathy and foster better understanding across cultures. As you’ll see, Indigenous worldviews, shaped by a deep connection to the land and communal values, differ greatly from the hierarchical, individualistic views common in medieval European societies. However, similarities can also be found in their religious beliefs or the ways in which each society organizes itself to face environmental challenges. In today's globalized world, where people from different cultural backgrounds frequently interact, understanding these worldviews is crucial for harmonious coexistence.

In this lesson, you will compare worldviews from Indigenous societies of Canada with those of other historical and contemporary societies, such as ancient civilizations and Western cultures. You will also reflect on your own worldview and how it has been shaped by your family, education, culture, and environment.

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Define worldview and explain its significance in understanding societies.

• Compare different worldviews and recognize key factors contributing to their development.

• Identify the historical and cultural reasons for similarities and differences between worldviews.

Section 1: Key Factors that Shape Worldviews

Worldviews are not formed in isolation; they are shaped by various factors that influence how individuals and societies perceive reality. Some of the most significant factors include culture, religion, environment, and historical context. By examining these factors, we can better understand why different societies develop distinct worldviews and how similarities and differences arise. This section explores four key factors that shape worldviews.

1. Cultural Influence

Culture is often described as the "operating system" of society. It encompasses the beliefs, customs, traditions, and social norms that define a group of people. Culture influences how individuals interpret their surroundings, relate to others, and understand abstract concepts like freedom, morality, and success. When we examine a society’s worldview, we are essentially looking at the collective values and assumptions held by its people, many of which are passed down through cultural practices, language, and stories.

For instance, in Indigenous cultures of Canada, oral traditions play a crucial role in preserving and transmitting worldviews. Elders share stories that teach the younger generation about the interconnectedness of all living things, the importance of respecting nature, and the responsibility to maintain harmony in the community. These teachings reflect a worldview where humans are part of the natural world rather than dominating it.

On the other hand, Western societies—particularly those influenced by European traditions—often emphasize individualism and human control over nature. In these societies, success is frequently measured by personal achievement, economic wealth, and technological progress. This difference in cultural values creates distinct worldviews. While both Indigenous and Western cultures have evolved over time, these core principles remain influential in shaping how their respective societies perceive the world.

2. Religious and Spiritual Beliefs

Religion is another fundamental factor that shapes a society’s worldview. Whether through formal institutions like churches or through more decentralized practices such as Indigenous spirituality, religion provides answers to life’s biggest questions: "Why are we here?" "What happens after we die?" and "What is the meaning of life?" These beliefs create the moral and ethical framework that guides people’s decisions and actions.

In medieval Europe, for example, Christianity was the dominant force shaping the worldview of the population. The Church held significant power over laws, education, and everyday life. People believed in a divinely ordained social order, where kings ruled by God’s will and peasants accepted their position as part of this grand plan. The worldview shaped by Christianity emphasized obedience to religious authority, adherence to moral codes, and preparation for the afterlife.

In contrast, Indigenous spiritual beliefs are deeply rooted in the land and nature. Rather than a strict hierarchical structure, Indigenous societies often view the world as a circle, where all living things—humans, animals, plants, and even the elements—are interconnected and hold equal value. Spiritual practices like the Medicine Wheel or ceremonies such as the Sundance reflect a worldview centered on balance, respect, and sustainability. This belief system has shaped Indigenous societies' emphasis on living harmoniously with the environment, which contrasts sharply with the extractive, resource-driven approach seen in many Western societies.

3. Environment and Geography

The physical environment plays a crucial role in shaping worldviews. Geography, climate, and natural resources influence how societies develop their beliefs and practices. People living in different environments face unique challenges and opportunities, which in turn shape their outlook on life, survival, and progress.

For example, the Inuit people in Canada’s Arctic region developed a worldview shaped by their harsh and cold environment. Their survival depended on understanding and respecting the rhythms of nature, such as the migration patterns of animals and the changing seasons. This connection to the land is reflected in their worldview, where nature is not something to be controlled but something to be worked with and respected.

In contrast, ancient Egyptians developed a worldview centered around the Nile River. The predictable flooding of the Nile allowed for successful agriculture, which formed the backbone of their society. Their worldview saw the river as a divine gift, and many of their religious practices, such as the worship of gods associated with fertility and the afterlife, were tied to the rhythms of the river. This environmental influence shaped the Egyptians' belief in the pharaoh’s role as both a political and religious leader, responsible for maintaining the order of the cosmos.

These examples show how geographical factors lead to different worldviews. Societies living in more predictable environments, such as ancient Egypt, might develop hierarchical structures with a focus on control and stability, while those in harsher environments, like the Inuit, might emphasize adaptability, respect for nature, and collective responsibility.

4. Historical Context

History is another powerful factor in shaping worldviews. Significant events such as wars, colonization, revolutions, and technological advancements leave lasting impacts on how societies perceive themselves and the world around them. These events can reinforce or challenge existing worldviews, sometimes leading to significant shifts in beliefs and practices.

One of the most striking examples is the colonization of Indigenous peoples in Canada. Before European settlers arrived, Indigenous societies had distinct worldviews based on their cultural and spiritual practices, which emphasized balance, respect, and sustainability. However, colonization introduced a new worldview—one that prioritized European notions of land ownership, resource extraction, and social hierarchy. The imposition of European laws, religions, and education systems significantly altered Indigenous worldviews, leading to conflicts, displacement, and the suppression of traditional beliefs.

Despite these challenges, Indigenous societies have shown resilience. Many Indigenous communities in Canada today are working to reclaim their traditional worldviews through cultural revitalization programs, land-based education, and the integration of traditional knowledge into modern practices. This historical context highlights how worldviews can evolve and adapt in response to significant external pressures.

Similarly, the Industrial Revolution in Europe marked a major shift in the Western worldview. Before this period, most people lived in agrarian societies, with worldviews that emphasized the cyclical nature of life tied to seasons and farming. The Industrial Revolution, however, introduced new ideas about progress, efficiency, and human dominance over nature. This shift led to the development of urban societies where technology and economic growth became central to the worldview, influencing modern Western perspectives on progress and success.

In summary, worldviews are shaped by a complex interplay of culture, religion, environment, and historical events. By understanding these factors, we can better appreciate the diversity of perspectives that exist in the world and recognize the common threads that connect us all.

Section 2: Comparative Analysis of Worldviews

Comparing worldviews across different societies can reveal a great deal about how culture, religion, environment, and historical context shape beliefs and values. This section will explore several worldviews, including Indigenous worldviews in Canada, Western worldviews from medieval Europe, and those from ancient civilizations such as Egypt and Greece. We will also touch upon contemporary worldviews and how they continue to evolve, influenced by modern-day factors such as globalization and technology.

1. Indigenous Worldview (Cree, Nakota, Dakota)

Indigenous worldviews, particularly those of the Cree, Nakota, and Dakota peoples in Canada, are deeply rooted in a connection to the land and the belief that all living things are interconnected. This holistic perspective emphasizes harmony, balance, and respect for nature.

One of the key features of Indigenous worldviews is the cyclical understanding of life. Unlike Western societies, where time is often viewed linearly—progressing from the past through the present into the future—Indigenous peoples often see life as a continuous cycle. The seasons, the life and death of plants and animals, and the phases of the moon all reinforce the idea that life moves in cycles. This worldview is reflected in the Medicine Wheel, a symbol representing the interconnectedness of physical, emotional, spiritual, and mental aspects of life. The four directions on the Medicine Wheel—north, south, east, and west—each represent different stages of life and elements of existence, further illustrating the belief that all parts of life are connected and must remain in balance.

In Cree and Dakota societies, the land is not something to be owned or exploited but is seen as sacred and alive. Humans are considered stewards of the land, responsible for maintaining balance and ensuring that future generations can thrive. This respect for nature and the environment influences every aspect of life, from hunting and agriculture to spiritual practices. For example, hunting is conducted with great reverence for the animals, and nothing is wasted. Ceremonies such as smudging or the Sundance are performed to maintain harmony with the earth and honor the spirits of all living things.

Furthermore, Indigenous worldviews are communal, emphasizing the importance of family, community, and the collective good. Elders play a vital role in guiding the younger generations, passing down oral traditions, stories, and knowledge that teach respect for others and the environment. Decisions are often made through consensus, reflecting the belief that every individual, regardless of age or status, has an important voice within the community. This collective approach stands in contrast to the hierarchical and individualistic nature of many Western societies.

2. Western Worldview (Medieval Europe)

The worldview of medieval Europe was largely shaped by the dominance of Christianity and the hierarchical structure of society. Life in medieval Europe revolved around the teachings of the Church, which not only provided spiritual guidance but also influenced political, social, and economic structures.

At the heart of the medieval European worldview was the belief in a divinely ordained order. This "Great Chain of Being" placed God at the top, followed by angels, humans, animals, and the rest of creation. Within human society, this hierarchy was reflected in the feudal system, where kings and nobles held power and peasants worked the land. The Church reinforced this worldview by teaching that the social order was part of God’s plan and that individuals should accept their place in society as a way of serving both God and their community.

Religion played a central role in shaping how medieval Europeans saw the world. They believed that their actions in this life determined their fate in the afterlife, and this belief influenced their behavior and decisions. For example, the practice of giving tithes to the Church, performing acts of charity, and participating in religious rituals were seen as necessary for ensuring salvation. The concept of sin and virtue shaped moral codes, and the Church held the authority to define what was considered right and wrong.

Medieval Europeans also believed in the concept of a finite universe governed by divine laws. Scientific inquiry, while present, was often viewed with suspicion if it challenged religious doctrine. The worldview at the time was deeply conservative, with an emphasis on maintaining tradition and resisting change. Any deviation from the established order, whether in the form of rebellion against the king or questioning of the Church’s teachings, was considered heresy and punished severely.

In contrast to Indigenous worldviews, which emphasize interconnectedness and balance, the medieval European worldview was more focused on control—control over nature, society, and one's destiny through religious devotion. However, both worldviews placed a strong emphasis on the spiritual realm and the importance of adhering to moral codes.

3. Other Historical Worldviews

While the worldviews of Indigenous peoples and medieval Europeans provide a clear contrast, other historical societies developed worldviews based on their unique cultural and environmental conditions.

Ancient Egypt The worldview of ancient Egypt was shaped by the Nile River and the belief in a divine order that governed both the natural and social worlds. The Egyptians viewed the pharaoh as a god on earth, responsible for maintaining ma’at, or cosmic balance. This belief in divine kingship meant that the pharaoh’s role was not just political but spiritual as well, and rituals were performed to ensure the gods' favor for the prosperity of the land.

The regular flooding of the Nile, which made agriculture possible, reinforced the Egyptians’ belief in the importance of maintaining harmony with the gods. The afterlife was also central to their worldview, with much of their art, architecture, and religious practices focused on preparing for life after death. The construction of the pyramids and the elaborate burial practices for pharaohs demonstrate the importance placed on the afterlife and the idea that earthly actions had eternal consequences.

Ancient Greece In ancient Greece, particularly in Athens, the worldview was centered around the idea of the polis, or city-state, and the importance of civic participation. Democracy in Athens allowed male citizens to participate in decision-making through the assembly, reflecting a worldview that valued debate, reason, and public service. This emphasis on logic and reason also extended to philosophy and scientific inquiry, with figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle shaping Western thought for centuries.

However, not all of Greece shared this democratic worldview. In Sparta, the worldview was much more militaristic, with society organized around the needs of the state and the importance of military service. Spartan citizens were expected to prioritize duty and loyalty to the state over personal interests, and this collective, disciplined approach reflected a very different worldview from the more individualistic and intellectual one in Athens.

4. Contemporary Worldviews

Today, worldviews continue to evolve as societies become more interconnected through globalization and technology. The modern Western worldview, for example, has shifted from the religious and hierarchical focus of medieval Europe to one that emphasizes individual rights, scientific progress, and economic growth. This worldview is largely driven by capitalism and technological innovation, with success often measured by personal achievement and material wealth.

However, many contemporary worldviews also reflect concerns about sustainability and the future of the planet. Environmental movements, for example, promote a worldview that echoes Indigenous perspectives by emphasizing the need for humans to live in harmony with nature. The growing recognition of the rights of Indigenous peoples, as seen in movements for land restoration and cultural revitalization in Canada, reflects a shift towards more inclusive and holistic worldviews.

In Canada, there is an increasing effort to reconcile Indigenous and Western worldviews. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, for example, has emphasized the importance of acknowledging the harm done to Indigenous peoples during colonization and working towards a future where Indigenous and non-Indigenous worldviews can coexist. This blending of perspectives can be seen in initiatives such as land-based education programs, which incorporate both traditional Indigenous knowledge and modern scientific understanding.

Comparison of Worldviews

While Indigenous, Western, and other historical worldviews differ in significant ways, there are also similarities. Both Indigenous and Western societies, for example, place great importance on the spiritual realm and the need for moral codes to guide behavior. However, where Indigenous worldviews emphasize balance and interconnectedness, Western worldviews have often focused on hierarchy and control.

As societies evolve, worldviews can change. The Industrial Revolution in Europe marked a shift from an agrarian worldview focused on nature and the seasons to one that prioritized industrial progress and technological control over the environment. Similarly, Indigenous societies, while maintaining their core beliefs, have adapted to modern challenges by blending traditional knowledge with contemporary practices.

This comparative analysis shows that worldviews are not static. They are shaped by cultural, religious, environmental, and historical factors and continue to evolve in response to changing conditions. By understanding these worldviews, we can better appreciate the diversity of human perspectives and the common threads that unite us.

Section 3: Case Studies of Worldview Conflict and Adaptation

Throughout history, different societies with distinct worldviews have often come into contact with one another. In some cases, these encounters have led to cooperation and exchange, but more frequently, they have resulted in conflict. Worldview conflicts arise when societies with different beliefs, values, and ways of interpreting the world clash over resources, land, or political power. This section will explore key case studies that illustrate conflicts between worldviews and how societies have adapted in response. We will begin by examining the impact of colonization on Indigenous worldviews in Canada and then explore the broader context of cultural integration and global worldview conflicts.

1. Colonization of Indigenous Peoples in Canada

One of the most significant and tragic examples of worldview conflict is the colonization of Indigenous peoples in Canada by European settlers. Before the arrival of Europeans, Indigenous societies had developed their own worldviews based on respect for the land, communal living, and spiritual connection to nature. These worldviews, passed down through generations, emphasized the importance of living in balance with the natural world, with roles in society designed to maintain harmony and sustainability.

The arrival of European settlers in the 16th and 17th centuries brought a completely different worldview. European settlers, particularly those from Britain and France, viewed the land as a resource to be claimed, exploited, and divided into privately owned parcels. This worldview was deeply influenced by European values of individual ownership, economic gain, and the belief in the superiority of Western civilization and Christianity. Land was seen as something to be owned and controlled, rather than something to be stewarded in cooperation with the natural world.

This clash of worldviews had devastating consequences for Indigenous communities. The introduction of European laws, religions, and economic systems undermined traditional ways of life and led to the displacement of many Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands. Perhaps the most destructive element of colonization was the implementation of the residential school system, which aimed to forcibly assimilate Indigenous children into Western culture. These schools, run by Christian churches and funded by the Canadian government, removed children from their families, forbade them from speaking their languages, and suppressed their cultural practices. The residential school system was designed to "kill the Indian in the child," a policy that caused immense psychological and cultural harm.

However, despite the extreme efforts to suppress Indigenous worldviews, these societies have shown remarkable resilience. In recent decades, there has been a growing movement to reclaim Indigenous cultures and worldviews. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, established in 2008, played a significant role in documenting the impact of residential schools and promoting the healing and revitalization of Indigenous communities. As part of the reconciliation process, many Indigenous nations are working to restore traditional practices, languages, and beliefs through education, cultural programs, and land-based initiatives.

In the modern context, there is an increasing effort to blend Indigenous and Western worldviews, particularly in areas like environmental stewardship and education. Land-based education, which incorporates both Indigenous knowledge and Western scientific approaches, is becoming more common in Canada. This approach respects Indigenous worldviews while also recognizing the value of modern technologies and practices. By integrating both perspectives, Indigenous communities are adapting to the challenges of the modern world while maintaining their cultural identity.

2. Cultural Integration in Modern Canada

While the conflict between Indigenous and European worldviews during colonization was intense, today’s Canada is characterized by a more complex process of cultural integration. Canada is often described as a multicultural society, where people from different backgrounds live side by side, contributing their unique perspectives to the nation’s identity. This diversity of worldviews has the potential to enrich society but also presents challenges as different cultural and religious beliefs sometimes clash.

One example of cultural integration is the growing recognition of Indigenous rights and the effort to incorporate Indigenous perspectives into Canadian governance and policy-making. The recognition of treaty rights, the return of some lands to Indigenous control, and the increasing presence of Indigenous voices in political discussions are signs that Indigenous worldviews are being given more respect and space in contemporary Canada.

A significant area of integration is in the education system, where Indigenous perspectives are now being included in curricula across the country. The aim is to foster a deeper understanding of Canada’s history, the ongoing impacts of colonization, and the unique worldviews of Indigenous peoples. This shift represents a move away from the Eurocentric worldview that dominated the education system for centuries, allowing students of all backgrounds to learn from Indigenous philosophies of respect, stewardship, and community responsibility.

However, this process of integration has not always been smooth. The values and beliefs embedded in Indigenous worldviews, such as the importance of community over individual success and the sacredness of the land, sometimes conflict with the more individualistic, capitalist worldview prevalent in contemporary Western societies. For example, debates over resource extraction—such as pipelines, mining, and deforestation—often reveal deep divides between Indigenous worldviews, which prioritize environmental protection and sustainability, and Western economic interests that focus on resource development and profit.

3. Global Examples of Worldview Conflicts

Worldview conflicts are not unique to Canada. Throughout history, there have been numerous examples of clashes between societies with different perspectives on politics, religion, and culture. These conflicts can lead to violence, displacement, and significant societal changes.

One example is the conflict between Western and Islamic worldviews, particularly in the context of Western colonialism in the Middle East and North Africa. European powers, motivated by their worldview of imperialism and the belief in the superiority of Western civilization, colonized much of the Muslim world during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This led to the imposition of Western legal systems, economic practices, and cultural norms on Islamic societies, many of which were deeply connected to their religious traditions and communal values.

In the aftermath of colonialism, many Muslim-majority countries experienced internal conflicts as they struggled to reconcile their traditional Islamic values with the modern, Western-influenced political and economic systems left behind by colonial powers. In some cases, this has led to resistance movements, as seen in the rise of political Islam and nationalist movements that seek to reject Western influence and restore Islamic governance based on Sharia law.

Another global example is the colonization of Africa and the subsequent worldview conflicts between Indigenous African societies and European powers. European colonization of Africa was driven by economic motives and the belief that European civilization was superior. This led to the exploitation of Africa’s natural resources and the suppression of African cultures and religions. African societies, which were often communal and placed a strong emphasis on family, kinship, and respect for the natural world, were forced to adapt to European systems of governance, private land ownership, and Christianity. Although African nations gained independence in the mid-20th century, many continue to struggle with the legacies of colonialism, including political instability, economic challenges, and ongoing conflicts over land and identity.

Adaptation and Resilience

While worldview conflicts can cause significant disruption and suffering, history also shows that societies are capable of remarkable adaptation and resilience. Whether through negotiation, integration, or resistance, societies can find ways to blend or coexist with different worldviews. For example, in modern Canada, there are increasing efforts to blend Indigenous perspectives with Western approaches in areas such as environmental management, law, and education. Similarly, in other parts of the world, societies are finding ways to balance traditional values with the demands of globalization and modernization.

Worldview conflicts are an inevitable part of human history, but they also provide opportunities for growth and change. By learning from these conflicts and understanding the reasons behind them, societies can work towards greater empathy, cooperation, and mutual respect. Adaptation, in particular, offers a pathway to reconciliation, allowing societies to evolve while preserving the core elements of their worldviews.

Section 4: Reflection on Personal Worldviews

Worldviews are deeply personal, shaped by various factors including family, culture, education, religion, and the environment. Reflecting on your own worldview allows you to understand how these influences shape the way you interpret the world around you. In this section, we will explore how students can reflect on their personal worldviews and the importance of recognizing how these perspectives are shaped by the worldviews of the societies in which they live.

1. Understanding the Factors Shaping Your Worldview

Everyone’s worldview is unique, but it is also influenced by broader societal factors. Think about how your family’s traditions, your school’s education, and the society you live in have shaped your beliefs, values, and behaviors. For example, if you grew up in Canada, your worldview may be influenced by values such as individual rights, democracy, and multiculturalism. These ideas might seem universal, but they are shaped by the Western worldview, which has a particular focus on individualism and the rule of law.

Contrast this with the worldviews of Indigenous societies, which place a higher emphasis on community, stewardship of the land, and the interconnection of all living things. If you have been exposed to Indigenous teachings in school, you may have noticed how these beliefs offer a different perspective on how humans relate to the environment and each other. Reflecting on how these different worldviews influence your own thoughts can give you a deeper appreciation of cultural diversity and help you navigate a world filled with multiple perspectives.

2. How Education and Culture Shape Your View of the World

The education you receive plays a major role in shaping your worldview. Schools are not just places where you learn facts and figures; they are also institutions where cultural values and societal norms are passed down. For instance, in many Western education systems, students are taught to think critically and question authority. This reflects the Western emphasis on individualism, freedom of thought, and scientific inquiry. However, other cultures may prioritize collective decision-making, respect for elders, or adherence to tradition, shaping very different worldviews.

In Canada, there is an increasing effort to integrate Indigenous perspectives into the education system. This includes teachings about the importance of land, the role of Elders, and the value of oral traditions. By learning from both Western and Indigenous educational traditions, students can develop a more holistic understanding of the world, one that values both individual achievement and community responsibility.

Culture also plays a significant role in shaping your worldview. Whether through family traditions, religious practices, or participation in community events, culture teaches you what is valued in your society. For example, celebrations such as Canada Day reflect the national pride of a Western society that values democracy, individual rights, and civic duty. In contrast, Indigenous ceremonies like the Sundance reflect a worldview focused on spirituality, community, and a deep respect for nature.

3. The Importance of Reflecting on Your Own Worldview

Taking the time to reflect on your worldview is essential for developing a sense of self-awareness and empathy for others. By understanding the factors that shape your beliefs and values, you can also start to recognize and appreciate the diversity of perspectives in the world. When you encounter someone with a different worldview, instead of seeing them as "wrong," you may be more open to understanding the cultural and historical context that has shaped their perspective.

In today's globalized world, where interactions between people of different cultures are more common than ever, having an awareness of your own worldview—and how it compares to others—is a valuable skill. It allows you to engage in respectful dialogue, embrace diversity, and contribute to a more inclusive society.

Conclusion

Your worldview is a product of the influences that surround you—your family, education, culture, religion, and personal experiences. By reflecting on these influences, you can better understand your own beliefs and values, as well as those of others. This reflection is not just an academic exercise; it is an essential part of becoming an empathetic, open-minded global citizen, capable of navigating a world filled with diverse perspectives.

Vocabulary

1. Worldview: The lens through which people interpret and make sense of the world, influenced by culture, religion, environment, and history.

2. Indigenous Worldview: A perspective rooted in harmony with nature, community-focused living, and spiritual connection to the land. Emphasizes balance and sustainability.

3. Western Worldview: A worldview shaped by individualism, economic growth, technological progress, and, historically, Christianity. Often focused on human control over nature and hierarchical social structures.

4. Colonization: The process of settling among and establishing control over Indigenous peoples, often involving the imposition of foreign laws, religions, and cultural practices.

5. Cultural Integration: The process of blending different cultural practices, traditions, and beliefs into a cohesive system within a society.

6. Feudal System: A medieval European social structure based on land ownership, where nobles controlled land and peasants worked it in exchange for protection and subsistence.

7. Medicine Wheel: A sacred Indigenous symbol representing the interconnectedness of life’s physical, emotional, spiritual, and mental aspects.

8. Consensus: A decision-making process that seeks agreement from all members of a group, often used in Indigenous societies.

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. What is a worldview? 

a) A scientific theory
b) A personal preference
c) A framework for interpreting reality
d) A legal system

2. Which factor most directly shapes a person’s worldview? 

a) Their favorite color
b) The environment they live in
c) Their diet
d) The type of music they listen to

3. How does culture influence worldview? 

a) By determining a person’s height
b) Through shared values, traditions, and beliefs
c) By controlling the weather
d) By limiting personal achievement

4. What is one characteristic of the Indigenous worldview? 

a) Emphasis on human control over nature
b) Emphasis on living harmoniously with nature
c) Belief in private land ownership
d) Focus on technological progress

5. How did religion shape the worldview of medieval Europe? 

a) It encouraged scientific inquiry
b) It provided structure through moral and social codes
c) It promoted equality for all social classes
d) It was unrelated to daily life

References

• Saskatchewan Ministry of Education. (2009). Social Studies 9 Curriculum. Regina, SK.

• Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Ottawa, ON.

• Office of the Treaty Commissioner. (2008). Teaching Treaties in the Classroom. Saskatoon, SK.

• National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. (2020). Retrieved from nctr.ca

• ChatGPT by OpenAI. (2024). Generated responses on worldviews and lesson content.